The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1221 Words

â€Å"There are six things the Lord hates, seven that are detestable to him: haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that are quick to rush into evil, a false witness who pours out lies and a person who stirs up conflict in the community† (Proverbs 6:16-19). The seven deadly sins are named as pride, envy, gluttony, lust, anger, greed, and sloth, and among all of them, pride is claimed to be the deadliest. In Arthur Miller’s play about the Salem Witch Trials, â€Å"The Crucible† pride also finds it’s way to be the most important theme of the play. Almost every character displays pride in oneself just as every person does in reality, but a select few not only condemned themselves but others. Reverend Hale, a christian man, demonstrates pride in his knowledge, the Proctors express pride in their good name and would rather die than lose their honor, and Judge Danforth is never wrong in his eyes and wants to be known as the judge who always makes the right decision. Arthur Millers â€Å"the Crucible† shows that in the town of Salem, Massachusetts in 1962, pride will kill you; if not, arrogance will. My first example of pride comes in when Reverend Hale is asked to depict who is a witch and who is not. He gloats in his own pride that not just one person but an entire town trusts in him to choose who is guilty. He triumphs in his own knowledge about God and the devil. Reverend Hale first comes to Salem in Act â…  . Not only is heShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof t heir way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Essay - 1175 Words

Amidst the chaos of political instability and constant warring of the Zhou era, arose many intellectual thinkers that brought such a profound impact in the fields of politics, religion, and philosophy. Even to this day, their influence can be seen on the many matters of China. Confucianism became the paramount school of thinking and later significant philosophies such as Daoism and Legalism gained immense recognition as well. Each party had their own proposals for creating an idealistic political society where the many problems they faced in their everyday lives could be eliminated. All three approaches were very distinct but at the same time, they contained similarities as well. In my reasoning, I find that Confucianism and Daoism†¦show more content†¦Even though the two systems had different concepts about the way, the common denominator of both schools was to achieve total harmony in society. Confucianism focuses mainly on social order while Daoism puts its central; focus on being one with the nature. If an individual can practice five things anywhere in the world, he is a man of humanity...reverence, generosity, truthfulness, diligence and kindness (Ebrey 19). Confucius gentleman has to possess these fine qualities to achieve success. On the other side of the token, Daoism emphasized the need for similar entities. Laozi explains: For minds, the depth is good. In social relations, human-heartedness is good. In speaking, the trustworthiness is good. In government order is good (Ebrey 28). Both systems, through through different approaches, promote peace and goodwill among the family, society and with neighboring states. Both Confucianism and Daoism accept the presence of a supernatural entity but do not provide a clear explanation on it. Both thought systems consider it mostly as a mystery that the human mind cannot fully comprehend or alter. Confucius put great importance in conducting numerous rituals for various occasions. He found it to be an essential part for the well being of society. He said, when superiors love ritual, the people are easy to direct (Ebrey 22). Xunzi provides aShow MoreRelatedConfucianism, Daoism, and Legalism976 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of methods – Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism to name a few. Each philosophy had its own set of rules of how people should act both in public and privately. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. However, each was different and thus had different results. The best way for the people of China to succeed in a harmonious, respectable society occurred when both Confucianism and Legalism were combined. Read MoreConfucianism, Daoism, And Legalism1688 Words   |  7 Pages Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism, are three Chinese ideologies in Classic China that held influence on how society should be, how to achieve order and what made government strong. Anyone that was a practitioner of these three philosophies would have had no idea how the Roman Republic or Empire worked in those regards. It would not be surprising if a Confucian, a Daoist and a Legalist had praise and dislike for how Rome was ran. A Confucian who might look upon the Roman society and governmentRead MoreThe Influence of Ancient Chinese Philosophies such as Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism 2337 Words   |  10 Pagesspecified area. A proper example of this would be the three Chinese philosophies of Confucianism, Legalism and Daoism. These belief systems all represent a different path of the geographic spreads any belief system could take, despite having originated in the same areas. Even so, they all come to be major influences in the different ways of life of the Chinese people, as well as other neighboring areas. Confucianism is a great philosophy to live by. It provides a strict moral discipline, and helpsRead MoreInfluences of China Essay698 Words   |  3 Pages Daoism, Confucianism, and Legalism To understand China’s current government you need to look at its influences. Daoism involves a deep acceptance of the rhythms of nature and the way of all things (World Religions); which effects people’s personal beliefs and is one of China’s main religions. Confucianism helped pave the way for communism and still is a powerful philosophy today. The ideas of Legalism directly affect the Chinese government. Despite the fact that modern China is one of the largestRead MoreThe Three Philosophies Of China1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe three Philosophies of China consist of Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism, but only one Philosophy surpasses all others, Confucianism. Legalism is one of the strictest ways of ruling. Han Fei Zi founded legalism; he believed that there was only one way to obtain order in a society; this was through learning from your mistakes. Although the punishments were cruel and caused many to suffer, it also provided obedience from citizens. (Johnson) Legalism was based off of three strict guidelines: FaRead MoreThe Three Types of Ancient Chinese Rulers943 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent rulers tried to unify and rule the country using a variety of methods – Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism to name a few. Each philosophy had its own set of rules of how people should act both in public and privately. The overall goal of each philosophy was to set a standard of acceptable living that would ensure harmony and success for the society. However, each was different and thus had different results. Legalism is a philosophy emphasizing strict obedience to the legal system. It was oneRead MoreLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China1049 Words   |  4 PagesLegalism, Taoism, and Confucianism in Ancient China Philosophies dictate the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of individuals or groups, even entire civilizations. Since the beginning of time there has been great debate among men over which philosophies to live life by. The list of philosophies that exist in the world today is nearly endless, making it difficult to decide which one is the most suitable to live by. Ancient China was arguably among one of the most philosophical culturesRead MoreChinese Philosophy Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesamidst the chaos and constant warring of the Zhou era. The three were called Confucianism, Daoism, and legalism. They were Chinese philosophies that were thought to be the best ways to rule and achieve order in the society. Confucianism believed that a ruler s job was to set a good example, and not order. Since people were thought of as naturally good, they would following the right path based on their own conscience. Legalism was a more harsh way of ruling, led by Hanfeizi. They thoug ht people wereRead MoreEssay on The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty Yang Yu History 135: Imperial Chinese History Professor: Robert J. Culp Paper I March 4th, 2011 The Daoism and the Confucianism in Han Dynasty As the dominant philosophical school for around two thousand years in Chinese imperial history, Confucianism is always regarded as the most representative ideology of China, associated with numerous books, poems, artworks and stories that glorify Confucianism’s permeation into every corner of ChineseRead MoreHan Fei Legalism Analysis1108 Words   |  5 PagesLegalism is based on a document titled â€Å"The Writings of Master Han Fei† that was written by Han Fei. Han Fei was a prince in the Han state of China. He was schooled with Confucian ideas and principles, but would reject them to create a more lawful society. Since he was a prince, he had a high social status and was in line for the throne of the state of Han after his father would pass. This gave him an advantage to implement his legalist ideas into the government because he would soon be ruler of

Financial assets are made up of securities Free Essays

Financial assets are made up of securities, stocks and derivatives. These are claims to the cash flow generated by real, tangible assets which are the lands, buildings and machineries we use. These pieces of paper are how citizens of highly developed countries increase their wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial assets are made up of securities or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wealth generation involves risk, for no business activity is certain to provide returns. Financial markets allow investors to participate in money-making ventures without being physically present in the project site. Most risk tolerant individuals prefer stocks, for it has the potential to yield very high returns, while conservative ones go for bonds which provides a steady, fixed income. In this activity, stock trading is the main focus. Objectives Just like any investor, generating cash flow was the primary goal. The amount of cash to be gained from trading should compensate the risk undertaken. The goal was to achieve steady growth. The expected was return is 40%. After setting the required return, a portfolio strategy was chosen. Assets were then selected which would comprise the efficient portfolio– provides the highest return for a given level of risk. Fundamental analysis was the method used to pick the stocks. Diversification was another tactic used to maximize return while spreading the risk. Construct a portfolio Portfolio construction was a tedious task. I had to weigh the risk and returns, and sometimes, to trust my gut feel. Stock prices, as studies have shown follow a random walk movement. The approach used was a top-down portfolio construction. A portfolio is basically a collection of investment assets. The type of assets to be held was first determined. It was then followed by security analysis to pick out the stocks deemed profitable. Diversification was one principle used in choosing the stocks. It simply meant that equities from different industries were held in the portfolio so that risk exposure was limited. Shares from the software industry (RIMM, JAVA), arms(SWHC), pharmaceutical (GERN), computer (PALM), insurance (HUM), health care(HMA), power (FL), SAM, metals and mining(AUY, AA) ,oil and gas(IEO), index fund(SWPIX), cement(CX),AXP Asset Analysis Fundamental analysis was mainly used in the decisions undertaken. This approach uses earnings and dividend prospects of the firm, expectations of future interest rates, and risk evaluation of the firm to determine proper stock prices. It relies on the company’s financial health indicators. The stocks’ annual growth rate, quarterly earnings records, and P/E (price-to-earnings) ratios were measured. Historical data was also used. One such statistic is the EPS, or earnings-per-share ranking. PALM stocks were bought since the firm’s return on investment was stated at 2470. 70%. Also, on the day that it was traded, it was lower priced. Smith and Weson, SWHC had a P/E ratio of 5. 50%, an ROE of 19. 7%. Thus, a total of 4000 shares of SWCH were bought. Alcoa, or AA’s ROE was 16. 20%. Its EBITDA was 5. 45 B. Meanwhile, its P/E ratio was 11. 60 and its annual dividend was at . 68 per share. Alcoa looks financially healthy, but was expensive, so only 1000 shares were purchased. Similarly, FPL’s ROE was 14. 6%. Its P/E ratio was 12. 7%. Its EBITDA was 4. 47 B. The market values FPL shares highly. But, I found it unsmart to invest in highly valued stocks, because market perceptions fluctuate wildly. Thus, I only acquired 700 shares of FPL. RIMM had an ROE of 30. 60%. Its P/E ratio was 50%. For me, RIMM shares were really costly. In fact, it was has the highest cost per share in my portfolio. But I was attracted to its financial forecast. Furthermore, its 52 week high was at $148 so I found the $80 per share enticing. I thus bought 1000 shares from RIMM. HUM had an ROE of 19. 9% and a P/E ratio of 18. 00. It was quite overpriced, so I only bought 1000 shares. HMA was the lowest priced stock in my portfolio. But, I decided to purchase it believing that demand for health care services will increase in the near future. CX, compared with its competitor, Heidelberg cement had higher earnings and historically displayed returns higher than the market average. I bought 1000 shares. I also bought SWPIX, an index fund as a comparison for the return of my trading activities. Event Selection One of the most remarkable news was the launching of PALM’s Pre. With the belief that the Pre will be hot in the market, just like Apple’s I-pod, I bought 4,000 shares from PALM. I deem that the future value of PALM will increase more than two-fold once the Pre is introduced. The hype will push the price of its stock. Thereafter, I can sold my shares at a profit. In addition, the popularity of smart phones, or phones which serve more than just talking devices was forecasted to increase steadily in the near future. Aside from purchasing PALM stocks, I decided to buy shares from BlackBerry’s maker, RIMM. News of the global swine flu outbreak prompted me to purchase HMA shares. HMA , a healthcare provider would have more profits if the flu would become widespread. In addition, Citigroup upgraded HMA shares from hold to buy. Meanwhile, the news on the pending sale of JAVA drove me to sell my 1000 shares. Monster stocks which were identified two weeks in a row included AUY. The information urged me to buy 3000 shares of AUY. How to cite Financial assets are made up of securities, Papers

The intense sunlight shimmed through Essay Example For Students

The intense sunlight shimmed through Essay The intense sunlight shimmed through the curtains like a light into a diamond ring. The compassionate sunlight probed my skin and then, it was gone. Like my desire to live. It was early Sunday morning, and the birds were chirping their early April anthem, as I scraped the for-filled shaving foam off my long face. All I could smell was the exquisite scent of the fresh flowers and their pollen that filled the air. As I sluggishly lifted my heavy head, I noticed the ugly, shameful figure staring back at me. What had I become? How could I do such a thing? I started to panic. Heat surrounded me like a fire as my heart pounded the blood around my body. My conscience was knocking at the door. I felt like I never had the right to live any longer. She must suspect something? Surely by now! I acquired my razor in my left crippled hand, I observed it closely. Robert Colquitt Page 2 I saw my reflection in the sharp blade. Absurd thoughts raced through my troubled mind. I could not admit the guilt. I had to do some thing. If not on my behalf, but Charlottes. I felt like I was not worthy. After my extended shave, I decided to take my ghastly razor out with me. Incase things got too much. My dear love accompanied me, as we walked down the ancient, foul alley. She started to question me What is the matter darling? She continued as she gripped my arm with full control, Why do you look so depressed? I could not reply. Charlotte knew we had become so distant, what she didnt know was the reason why Because of my terrible deed. She proceeded in quizzing me. Why could I not answer the simplest questions? CAN WE PLEASE JUST FORGET ABOUT ME? I accidentally roared at charlotte. She looked at me with those puppy eyes, like her whole world had come crashing down. I felt for her really, and in my reply to her tearful face was Im sorry babe, I just dont feel well. Thats when I was positive that before night fall I, Matthew Weeks, Would commit suicide. Due to my lack of respect for others The supreme sun retired below the abstruse clouds, as Charlotte and I prepared to attend our local church. I asked our mighty lord for advice on what to do. I had no reply. I asked the lord should I stay or should I die? Still no reply. As I glared at my one true love, I realized that there was only one way out of this. Robert Colquitt Page 3 It was a feeble evening on our way home. Charlotte was looking stunning, in her yellow gown and her shawl of diamond red cloth. But I couldnt deny the devil my evil body. As I deported my fierce razor blade, charlotte started to question me. Again What are you doing? She pulled me lose, wedging my worthless body towards hers. You dont have to do this Matthew she continued We can get you help! I was constantly trying to escape from charlotte to be obedient to my leader, the devil. I was determined to do what was right. Then I did it. I stood in the April rain and glared at what I had done. I looked up into the dark, steamy sky as the thunder lightening struck nightfall. Instead of taking my own worthless life, I had taken charlottes. At least now, if I reached heaven, I could be alone with my one and only love. Without guilt. Until the end.

A sense of finality in the Requiem Essay Example

A sense of finality in the Requiem Essay Example A sense of finality in the Requiem Paper A sense of finality in the Requiem Paper The word Requiem, meaning a mass for the repose of the souls of the dead, has very formal and funereal connotations. This title immediately gives the passage a sombre atmosphere, and an air of finality as death is the end of Willys life and the play. Willys presence is still the predominating force behind the passage even though he is dead, echoing the title Requiem. The passage is a requiem in two different ways. Charley, Biff and Linda praise the physical and practical side of Willys character whereas Happy mourns his determination to fulfil his dream. The passage begins with a very emotionless and practical sentence by Charley, when he says Its getting dark, Linda. The darkness also gives the play a sense of finality, as the play is about to conclude night is about to fall. The black of the dark is symbolic of Willys tragedy. Happy appears to be angry with his father for having committed suicide, saying There was no necessity for it, the over complication of using the word necessity in this sentence shows Happys insecurity within himself that he has failed his father. Happy later goes on to say that even if Biff will not, he will continue to fight for his fathers dream. He says, Im gonna win it for him. Happys urge to fulfil his fathers dream is probably linked to his guilt of having let him down; Happys pledge gives the play a cyclical feeling rather than an air of finality. At the beginning of the Requiem Linda struggles to show emotion for her husbands death, although she would like to. Forgive me, dear. I cant cry, she says to Willys grave. It is as though she is still trapped in Willys dream and is looking for some kind of release. This is emphasised when she says I made the last payment on the house today. Today dear. The repetition of today stresses the irony in this sentence, and her longing for release. Shortly after this statement she finally begins to cry as A sob rises in her throat and she finally begins to cry as A sob rises in her throat and she immediately feels a sense of release, saying Were free. Miller makes it deliberately ambiguous about whether it is Linda who is free from Willy or whether the freedom actually refers to Willy and Linda being free from the payments on their house. This sense of release and the words were free repeated at the very end of the play are a final conclusion to the tragedy, and give the passage a sense of finality. Happy is excluded from the conclusion to emphasise the fact that he is adopting his fathers dream and continuing the tragic cycle. There is therefore no sense of finality for Happy and this is juxtaposed with the closure of Willy and Linda, emphasising the difference between their freedom and Happys confinement.

Tuberculosis and Injection Drug Users

Tuberculosis and Injection Drug Users Free Online Research Papers An increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) is associated with injection drug users (IDUs) as well as those who use crack cocaine. When dealing with people in these categories, problems arise along the lines of adherence to any intervention or treatment programs. Therefore, monetary incentives and educational intervention are offered as an approach to increase adherence or compliance. The purpose of the randomized controlled study by Malotte et al., (1998) was to evaluate the effects of different levels of monetary incentives as well as the use of educational intervention among active drug users to comply with TB skin test readings. The participants were selected in Long Beach, CA either directly through street outreach or after they completed an HIV outreach project (lasting six months) for active drug users that were out of treatment at the time. The researchers targeted IDUs and also those who use crack cocaine. After completing the baseline study interview and placement of TB skin tests, the participants were given $5.00. To avoid unreliable outcomes, they needed to be sure that the participants were in fact active drug users and not simply saying so to receive the monetary incentive that was offered. The participants were inspected for needle track marks and subjected to urine tests at the time of enrollment. Excluded from the study were those who tested positive on the skin tests. The total number of participants was 1,004. In this sample were men and women of different age groups, ethnicities, educational backgrounds, and they differed along the lines of their drug and alcohol preferences. The majority o f the participants were unemployed and all lived in different housing conditions and most of them claimed to have had no prior exposure to TB. The participants were then randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental control groups. Those in Group 1 (n=203) received a 5-10 minute educational session (on the theory of reasoned action) and were offered $10.00 upon their return for the reading of their skin test. The participants in Group 2 (n=198) were subject to the same conditions, but were only offered $5.00 as an incentive to return as scheduled for their skin test reading. Those in Group 3 (n=99) received the educational session but received no monetary incentives while Group 4 (n=100) were only told how important the skin test reading was (no education or money was offered). Those selected for Group 5 (n=204) were offered $5.00 for their scheduled return and were told of the importance of the skin test reading, but received no educational session. The conditions for Group 6 were identical, but they were offered $10.00 rather than $5.00 as a monetary incentive. The educational sessions that were offered to Groups 1-3 were based on the theory of reasoned action. Individual counseling was used and the focus of this study was on the behavioral beliefs and subjective norms that are most related to the behavioral intentions among drug users. Personal beliefs and outcome expectancies were explained and the personal reasons for not returning were noted. Each interview, educational session, and skin test readings were done by 1 of the only 2 nurses who were involved in the study. The attitude and behavior of the participants was measured. Self-reported information was collected and drug tests were used for the reliability of that information. The likelihood of the participants returning for skin test readings was also determined. Demographic and drug use characteristics were tested using chi-square analyses while the effects of the intervention were tested using logistic regression analyses (only on intention-to-treat basis). The participants were informed of the process and purpose of this trial through informed consent so they were aware of the monetary incentives that were being offered to select participants. The study by Malotte et al., (1998) reported that out of 1,004 participants, 782 returned on time for their scheduled skin test reading. More than 90% of the participants receiving the $10.00 incentive and about 85% of the ones who received the $5.00 incentive actually returned for their skin test reading on time. The groups with no monetary incentive only had a return rate of 33%. Those who were 30 years old or younger and those who are employed were less likely to return. More likely to return are those who consume alcohol or the people who originally said that they would likely return for the results. The skin test results of 835 people were analyzed and 153 tested positive for TB. Those with prior exposure to TB and those who were living in unstable conditions were not more likely to test positive for TB. The participants who consumed alcohol, crack cocaine, or injection drugs were at a higher risk for positive skin test readings. The Malotte et al., (1998) randomized clinical trial found that incentives can have a significant impact on compliance to return for skin test readings for TB. The educational interventions did not have such an effect on the rates of compliance or return. The amount of positive results of the skin test (18.3 per 100 people) confirms that those who use drugs are at a higher risk of infection. This study concluded that monetary incentives do, in fact provide a higher rate of compliance to return for skin test readings for those who are at a greater risk of contracting TB. The Malotte et al., (1998) trial was successful in accomplishing the objectives that it was set up for. The purpose was clearly defined in the beginning and the results were found to be conclusive. Research Papers on Tuberculosis and Injection Drug UsersStandardized TestingThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyTwilight of the UAWEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Working capital management and how it affects the liquidity and Dissertation

Working capital management and how it affects the liquidity and profitaility position of the hotel industry in the UK - Dissertation Example Research Questions 8 2.2. Research Objectives 8 3. Literature Review 9 3.1. Working Capital & its importance 9 3.2. Working capital management 13 3.3. Inventory management 16 3.4. Cash management 19 4. Research methodology 26 4.1. Research philosophy 26 4.2. Research approach and technique 28 4.3. Sources & collection of data 29 4.4. Ethics 32 4.5. Credibility & verification 33 4.6. Research limitations 34 4.7. Estimated costs 34 4.8. Time activity 35 5. Findings 36 6. Discussions 41 6.1. Working capital & its importance 41 6.2. Management & control of working capital 42 6.3. Working capital & its effects on liquidity and profitability of a firm 45 6.4. Relevance of & impact of working capital in the UK hotel industry 47 6.5. Analysis & discussion 54 7. Conclusion & Recommendation 58 8. Reflections 63 References 67 1. Introduction With the advent of globalization and major change in economy, various sectors have come into picture and have shown promising development all around. One o f them is definitely the hospitality sector. People flock in from various part of the world for various purposes and here comes the usefulness of the service sector. A country’s reputation also lies in the quality of hospitality which it may provide. The super powers in respect of world economy certainly have a cutting edge than others. UK is a favorite destination to citizens all round the globe. The culmination of people of various societies can be found over there, who are out to make their living. As a result the service industry in UK is on a boom. 4.2 percent of investment is made in the service sector (Economic contribution of UK hospitality industry, 2010). The London Olympics which is to be staged in 2012 will see numerous foot falls as people round the globe will be there to witness the gala event. The government has taken steps to renovate the industry and provide best of service. An addition of 1.2 billion pound will be there to the economy (2012 London Olympics F act). Economy earned by the hotel industry can be contributed to other growing or lesser growing sectors. It is quite evident that the hotel industry, especially those engaged in large scale are surely to be benefited, and can face high profitability. But amidst this, proper financial management of resource and a control on the working capital is also required to raise long term profitability. The profit gained over this period of time can be invested and manipulated well for future days. One of the important aspects in finance deals with Working Capital Management. The term Working capital deals with two broad divisions of the Balance Sheet, i.e. current asset and the current liabilities and the numeric difference between them. The current asset mainly comprises of cash, sundry debtors which are also known as Accounts receivable and bills receivable and inventories whereas the current liabilities deals with short term debt, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other debts. In lay man’s term working capital is one of the crucial requirements of a firm and is the fund which is required to meet up the day to days expenses. Working capital may vary from one organization to another based on their size and the amount of money that are engaged in current assets. Organizations employed with high fixed assets tend to possess a low working capital. Presence of an efficient working capital is of utmost importance to the firm and its assessment is also needed to be monitored in a correct manner. The overestimation or the under estimation both may lead to mishaps (Mathur, 2007) for the organization. Overestimation may hamper the return on investment by the accumulation of the inventories. Whereas the underestimation may curb the growth, as the organization will not move to venture into new projects due

How can retail banks in UK restore customer confidence and improve Dissertation

How can retail banks in UK restore customer confidence and improve customer satisfaction after the financial cri - Dissertation Example action and customer confidence. It gathers the multiple determinants of such problems based on several surveys involving about 10,000 respondents made of mostly customers of banks or households, some bank Branch Managers, and some bank employees. What will provide a way to improve customer satisfaction and customer confidence must be the creative initiative of all the UK Retail Banks. Since, it has been recovering from the economic crisis (in terms of profitability) while its customers do not enjoy the results of that recovery, the UK Retail Banks should identify the specific needs of customers, comply with FSA regulations, and offer customers a way to be a part of the economic recovery. That is aside from doing their services properly. After all, it was discovered that the customers were not the cause of decline in the economic variables. Speculations and lack of knowledge concerning the risks involved in the Capital Market were found to be the root cause of the most recent recessio n. Unfortunately, it appeared that the customers were the people castigated for the economic decline, while the banks that speculated were bailed out by government funds. Credit became hard to find for customers of banks. Terms and conditions became difficult to accept. Now the banks are recovering while the general public are still struggling to be treated fairly by the banks. How to revive customer satisfaction can be answered by the provision of the needed products and services for customers who need them in order to grow or be revived economically. There are many determinants of customer satisfaction. All of them point to one thing. Be concerned with the peoples’ needs and supply their needs properly. Chapter I Introduction In order to revive the UK economy during the recession period in 2008, the Bank of England implemented Quantitative Easing for its monetary policy effective 2009. In the month of March 2009, ?75 billion was added to the money supply when BoE printed ca sh to purchase Gilts (government bonds). This was followed by ?50 billion in May 2009; another ?50 billion in August 2009; and the final ?23 billion in November 2009. These amounts were anticipated to reach the households eventually so that the consumer spending would increase and the market was supposed to be revived. (BoE, 2009) Unfortunately, the money got stuck in the banks (Inmam, P. 2011). The appended Figure 1 shows how the velocity of transfer from banks to the corporations, SMEs, and households turned out to be very slow. When BoE researched for the reason why, it was reported that the banks had to rebuild its liquidity first with the total of ?200 billion released.

Love in A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay

Love in A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner - Essay Example In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner has portrayed the fact that the way in which an individual loves and expresses her love is dependent upon the way that he has been socially trained and brought up. Emily Grierson was raised by her father as her mother had passed away. He isolated her from the society and the people of their town. He brought her up in his own way. He was a proud man who believed that he was superior to all the men in the town and did not interact and socialize much with them. He instilled these qualities of arrogance and proudness in his daughter as well. Such was his thought of superiority that he turned down all the proposals that came for Emily. This is explained by Faulkner when he writes, â€Å"People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily an d such.† This environment in which Emily was brought up affected her emotions and the way in which she expressed her emotions of love. She was proud and lived her life as per her own rules. When the city authorities came to her house, â€Å"She did not ask them to sit. ... She says, "I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff. . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson." This quality of considering herself to be superior above the other figures in the town was given to her by her father and she did consider the people of the town to be of importance in front of her. Emily was greatly attached to her father and his loss shattered her. She deeply loved him but her detachment from the society and her limited social environment prevented her from expressing her love for her father in a proper way. When the people from the town came to share her grief following her father’s death, â€Å"She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body.† She did not allow the burial of her father and it was through forceful means that she finally gave in and allowed for his burial after three days. She wanted to be with her father and it was difficult for her to accept the fact that the person that she loved was no more with her. Emily did love her father but she was unaware of social norms and the ways in which she was supposed to communicate her love. Every individual wishes to keep their loved one safe and wants to be with the person that they love. It is through the experiences in the life of a person that he learns when it is truly the time to let go of your loved one. Emily loved but she lacked these qualities of showing her love and it was because of this that she could not understand the fact that her father was dead and she had to let go of him. Like

Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry

Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry Impact of Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry on Its Customers The research is to study the Advertising in Indian Telecom Industry and its Impact on Customers. For this research the attempt is made to understand the Telecom Industry of India. . I will also complement this with the internal study of companies. By studying their history, growth, market share and advertising strategies adopted by Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance communication, BSNL and Idea cellular. India telecommunication industry is one of the fastest telecom market in the world. The mobile sector has grown from around 10 million subscribers in 2002 to reach 250 million by early 2009 registering an average growth of over 90%. The project is based on advertising so I will first explained about advertising, its importance, managing advertising decisions and types of advertising. I have analyzed the growth in ad volumes of telecom sector, share of telecom sector advertising, segment wise growth in telecom sector, share of key players in advertising, new brands advertised in telecom equipments and service and share of sales promotion in telecom sector. The sources of data collection used in the study are both primary and secondary in nature. We are going to conduct a survey to know the impact of advertisements of telecom industry on customers which is part of primary data. The real aim of the project is to study the effectiveness and response towards advertisements provided by major players. Primary data has been collected in which focus group study had been conducted to design the customer survey questionnaire with a sample size of 200 respondents. This survey has been conducted in gujarat. Secondary data is to be collected through websites, newspapers, magazines and books. Research objectives. The objective of the project is an attempt to understand the consumer preference for telecom and how it is been affected by the advertisement done by the telecom industries main players. It will be done through a comparative study of all telecom operators which are available in Ahmedabad; we want to understand the impact of advertisement on the customers of all the segments in Ahmedabad. We have also divided our objective into two categories to make it more clear, which is as follows: Primary objective The primary objective is to know the impact of advertisement by telecom industry on customers. And to study the effectiveness and response towards advertisement provided by the major players. Also to understand the improvement and customers preference in telecom sector. And to study the service provider and their service quality in telecom sector. Secondary objective Other than the above primary objective, the other secondary objective behind this project is to find out who is the best preferred telecom company who has the attracted maximum customers through its advertisement. This could be done by studying the performance of telecom industry in India. Literature review For literature review we are going to undertake a deep study of marketing management by Philip Kottler, his contribution to the field of marketing is noteworthy, as we all know he is considered as the marketing guru. And more over we also going to include some basic definitions from various marketing books like Advertising and Marketing in Rural India:ÂÂ   Tej K. Bhatia,ÂÂ  Macmillan Publishers India, Marketing and Sales Management:ÂÂ   S P Sharma and Dilip B Joshi,ÂÂ  Paradise Pub, Marketing:ÂÂ   M. Vidhya,ÂÂ  MJP Pub, these books will help me to know how the telecom companies are promoting their brand in rural market of India. Even the management book named organizational theory, change, and design by: Richard L.Draft will help me to understand the potters five force model and diamond model for the telecomm companies. Newspaper likes The Times Of India, economic times, will provide us relevant materials that can help us in our research. Even I am going to study regarding TRIA that is Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. ÂÂ   TRAIs mission is to create and nurture conditions for growth of telecommunications in the country in a manner and at a pace which will enable India to play a leading role in emerging global information society. ÂÂ   One of the main objectives of TRAI is to provide a fair and transparent policy environment which promotes a level playing field and facilitates fair competition. ÂÂ   In pursuance of above objective TRAI has issued from time to time a large number of regulations, orders and directives to deal with issues coming before it and provided the required direction to the evolution of Indian telecom market from a Government owned monopoly to a multi operator multi service open competitive market. ÂÂ   The directions, orders and regulations issued cover a wide range of subjects including tariff, interconnection and quality of service as well as governance of the Authority . ÂÂ   To know regarding the telecom sector in India I have studied various papers and journal written by many journalist and economist which are as follow: Anand (1999), in his article named Indias economic policy reforms says that India was embarked on economic reforms in July 1991, in the wake of a balance of payments crisis. In this article, an attempt is made to review two books and a set of World Bank reports concerning the progress of these reforms. Issues concerning economic policy, impact of the reforms on poverty, sectoral issues relating to agriculture, industry and infrastructure are briefly discussed. As reforms enter a more difficult phase, several challenges remain. Some of this fall under the economic agenda of measures needed to maintain economic growth; others can be termed the development agenda of improving human development. Progress with regard to the former is not sufficient to produce results concerning the latter. Bhattacharya (2000) constructs a vision of the Indian telecommunication sector for the year 2020. The paper aims at isolating agents of change based on international experiences and situates India in the development continuum. The agents of change have been broadly categorized into economic structure, competition policy and technology. Das (2000), in her paper described the Liberalisation of the Indian telecommunications services which started in mid nineties with no change in the existing public monopoly structure, entirely controlled by Department of Telecommunications (DoT). In order to evaluate any proposed industry structure, it is essential to analyse the production technology of DoT so as to determine the rationale of liberalisation and sustainability of competition. Accordingly, the researcher estimates a frontier multi-product cost function for DoT, where the cost function has been duly modified to account for the production technology of a public monopoly. The study finds that although DoT displays high allocation inefficiency, it is still a natural monopoly with very high degree of sub additively of cost of production. This study implies that the choice of any reform policy should consider the trade-off between the loss of scale and scope economies and cost saving from the reduction in inefficiency of th e incumbent monopoly in the event of competition. Rao (2000), in her article named Internet service providers in India, provides a broad view of the role of an Internet service provider (ISP) and the factors to be considered before entering the ISP market. Describes the Internet/ISP scene within India and discusses the configuration of local, regional and national level ISPs, and the supporting infrastructure. She also identifies the various success factors. The global Internet scenario is discussed regarding the phases of the Internet in India, i.e. pre and post commercialization. The main players are described: ERNET, NICNET, STPI, VSNL, MTNL, Satyam Infoway and Bharti-BT. The financial and legal implications are highlighted in the Indian context. Many companies entered the nascent ISP business in Nikam, Ganesh, Tamizhchelvan (2004), analyses that changing face of India in bridging the digital device. He reiterated India lives in villages said the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi. With 1,000 million people and 180 million hou seholds, India is one of the biggest growing economies in the world. With the advent of the Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) revolution, India and its villages are slowly but steadily getting connected to the cities of the nation and the world beyond. Owing to the late Rajiv Gandhi, India is now a powerful knowledge economy, and though India may have been slow to start, it certainly has caught up with the West and is ahead in important respects. The Government, the corporate sector, NGOs and educational institutions have supported rural development by encouraging digital libraries, e-business, e-learning and e-governance. The aim of this paper is to touch upon and highlight some of the areas where, by using ICT, the masses have been reached in this way. A follow-up paper will outline collections of significant cultural material which, once national IT strategies are fully achieved, could form part of a digitally preserved national heritage collection. Dey (2004), in her article talks about the discussions between the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and communications policy makers and regulators in other countries and how they have gleaned several clusters of issues where further research would directly benefit them. Recently, there have been two notable shifts. First, as the acceptance of the competition model over the monopoly model for telecommunications markets takes deep effect in regulators all over the world, questions regarding process and procedure for regulation are becoming ever more urgent. This paper discusses current questions regarding decision making, enforcement, and understanding consumer issues that arise often in the FCCs discussions with other regulators. Second, technological change is potentially shifting market definitions. In the FCCs discussion with other regulators over the last two years, the overlap of wireline telecom, wireless telecom and cable television has become more pronounced. Singh (2005), in his article The role of technology in the emergence of the information society in India describes the role that information and communication technologies are playing for Indian society to educate them formally or informally which is ultimately helping India to emerge as an information society. Though India has a huge population, the illiteracy rate is also huge in this country. The paper has taken an approach to find the historical situation and present the prevailing scenario as well as the change that are taking place with the application of ICT to the advantage of the society in different areas including daily life. India is making all out efforts to be counted among the developed nations of the world. The article also describes the considerable attention India is taking for application of technology, development of infrastructure and human resource for meeting national needs. Basically India is building an information society. Technology has helped society to cu t across the traditional boundaries for getting converted into anemerging information society. The study concludes that The Indian software and services industry has significantly helped to boost the Indian economy. In IT-enabled services too, India has been clearly perceived to be the dominant hub. The Indian software sector is being recognized as the single largest contributor to incremental market capitalization in India but the sector is still small in terms of contribution to GDP, especially when compared to other large sectors in the economy like agriculture and manufacturing. Similarly, the telecommunication sector has contributed a lot but still has a considerable way to go. The paper also enforces that comparisons of Indias telecommunication statistics with those of developed and other emerging economies show that the country is still far behind its contemporaries. Mr. Banka (2006) gives an overview of the mergers and acquisitions in the telecommunication industry. According to him Governments decision to raise the foreign investment limit to 74% is expected to spur fresh rounds of mergers and takeovers in India. He foresees a sector that represents humongous opportunity waiting to be tapped by Indian and foreign conglomerates. Thomas (2007), in his article describes the contribution made by telecommunications in India by the state and civil society to public service, this article aims to identify the states initial reluctance to recognize telecommunications provision as a basic need as against the robust tradition of public service aligned to the postal services and finds hope in the renewal of public service telecommunications via the Right to Information movement. The article follows the methodology of studying the history of telecommunications approach that is conversant with the political economy tradition. It uses archival sources, personal correspondence, and published information as its research material. The findings of the paper suggests that public service in telecommunication is a relatively new concept in the annals of Indian telecommunications and that a de- regulated environment along with the Right to Information movement holds significant hope for making public service telecommunications a real alternative. The article provides a reflexive, critical account of public service telecommunications in India and suggests that it can be strengthened by learning gained from the continual renewal of public service ideals and action by the postal services and a people-based demand model linked to the Right to Information Movement. All studies done by the researcher suggests that the right to information movement has contributed to the revitalisation of participatory democracy in India and to a strengthening of public service telecommunications. Cygnus Business Consulting Research Pvt. Ltd. (2008), in its Quarterly Performance Analysis of Companies (April-June 2008) has analysed the Indian telecom industry in the awake of recent global recession and its overall impact on the Indian economy. The analysis is done in the background of wake of global recession and rising inflation. Cygnus estimates, the Indian telecom industry is expected to maintain the growth trajectory in the next quarter as well. With almost 5-6m subscribers are being added every month, and the country is witnessing wild momentum in the telecom industry. Maheshwari (July-September 2008), in her report analysed the Indian telecom industry and ascertain that Indian telecommunications has been zooming up the growth curve at an mounting pace, and India is has surpassed US to become the second largest wireless network in the world. This growing subscriber base is basically created by tapping into rural India, which is an emerging market for the industry. The estimate for the next five to ten years is that the rural market will form 40 % of the subscriber base. The study has analysed the human resource management process of the industry, and specially the latest trends of recruitment of this massively growing industry. Anderson (2008), in his single executive interview titled Developing a route to market strategy for mobile communications in rural India An interview with Gurdeep Singh, Operations Director, Uttar Pradesh, Hutch India suggests that managers need to go beyond traditional approaches to serving the poor, and innovate by taking into account the unique institutional context of developing markets. His practical implication says that the experience of Hutchison Essar in India provides some important lessons for mobile network operators (MNOs) and other firms in other developing markets who are hoping to serve the rural poor: Hutchison has recognized the value of corporate and non- corporate partners. The company has proactively established relationships with individual entrepreneurs, and has provided has provided development support to other partners such as distributors. The company has recognized the value of leveraging existing local institutions, and has seen gaps in local infrastructur e or missing services as potential opportunities rather than barriers to growth. The company has seen the rural market as an opportunity not just an obligation to be served because of universal service obligations. Also this article demonstrates that MNOs can deliver availability and affordability to achieve increased individual or household penetration through business model innovation. Mani (2008) addresses a number of issues arising from the growth of telecom services in India since the mid-1990s. It also discusses a number of spillover effects for the rest of the economy and one of the more important effects is the potential to develop a major manufacturing hub in the country for telecom equipment and for downstream industries such as semiconductor devices. The telecom industry in India could slowly become an example of the service sector acting as a fillip to the growth of the manufacturing sector. A beginning towards this has been made. The formation of a Telecom Equipment Export Forum and the announcement of the Indian Semiconductor Policy 2007 are steps in this direction. Success crucially depends on the response of the private sector to these incentives. Given the importance that a regulatory agency can play in this crafting, no effort should be lost in strengthening the powers of the TRAI. The benefits to the Indian economy from having both a strong service s and manufacturing segments in the telecom sector cannot be undermined. Narayana (2008) estimates the contribution of telecommunication (or telecom) services to aggregate economic growth in India. Estimated contribution is distinguished between public and private sectors to highlight the impact of telecom privatization on economic growth. Knowledge of policy determinants of demand of telecom services is shown to be essential to enhance growth contribution of telecom services. Using a recent sample survey data from Karnataka State in South India, price and income determinants of demand for telecom services are estimated by capacity of telephone exchanges. Estimation results offer evidence for significant negative own price elasticity and positive income elasticity of demand for telecom services. Sharma (2009) deals with the major challenges faced by Indias telecom equipment manufacturing sector, which lags behind telecom services. Only 35% of the total demand for telecom equipment in the country is met by domestic production. This is not favourable to long-term sustained growth of the telecom sector. The country is also far behind in RD spending when compared to other leading countries. India needs to see an increase in RD investment, industry-academia-government partnership, better quality doctoral education and incentives to entrepreneurs for start-ups in telecom equipment manufacturing. In 2006-07, 65% of the total consumption of equipment was met through imports. This trend has far-reaching implications for the economy and should not be allowed to continue for long. In a country like India which has a problem of massive unemployment, the manufacturing sector should be promoted to create more employment opportunities. Shah (February, 2009), has analysed Indian telecom industry and studied the sector keeping in mind three companies; namely Bharti, R.Comm and idea in the background of recent global meltdown. The study suggests that though there is no sign of slowdown in this sector, but surely a strong turmoil is going on in the industry. The study states that the sector is fairly immune from the current economic downturn does provide a good defensive bet in medium term. With the help of newer technologies, wireless penetration is expected to increase in the near future, which is basically fuelling the growth of the sector. While the 3G / Broadband adoption would ensure long term growth momentum, the article has thoroughly investigated about the intense competitive scenario, pricing pressure, high capital intensity substantial regulatory uncertainties currently faced by the industry. The article has also described the cause of being relatively safe of this industry. The causes described by Shah ar e increasing rural coverage, rising affordability, declining handset/subscription costs, substantially low tariffs established brand/distribution. However, the study also cautions the telecom industry that a steeper economic slowdown could start impacting the subscriber usage patterns as well as operator capital investments thereby could substantially restrict revenue growth rates going forward. GLOBAL OVERVIEW World telecom industry is an uprising industry, proceeding towards a goal of achieving two third of the worlds telecom connections. Over the past few years information and communications technology has changed in a dramatic manner and as a result of that world telecom industry is going to be a booming industry. Substantial economic growth and mounting population enable the rapid growth of this industry. The world telecommunications market is expected to rise at an 11 percent compound annual growth rate at the end of year 2010. The leading telecom companies like ATT, Vodafone, Verizon, SBC Communications, Bell South, Qwest Communications are trying to take the advantage of this growth. These companies are working on telecommunication fields like broadband technologies, EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) technologies, LAN-WAN inter networking, optical networking, voice over Internet protocol, wireless data service etc. Economical aspect of telecommunication industry: World telecom industry is taking a crucial part of world economy. The total revenue earned from this industry is 3 percent of the gross world products and is aiming at attaining more revenues. One statistical report reveals that approximately 16.9% of the world population has access to the Internet. Present market scenario of world telecom industry: Over the last couple of years, world telecommunication industry has been consolidating by allowing private organizations the opportunities to run their businesses with this industry. The Government monopolies are now being privatized and consequently competition is developing. Among all, the domestic and small business markets are the hardest INDIAN OVERVIEW Today the Indian telecommunications network with over 375 Million subscribers is second largest network in the world after China. India is also the fastest growing telecom market in the world with an addition of 9- 10 million monthly subscribers. The tele- density of the Country has increased from 18% in 2006 to 33% in December 2008, showing a stupendous annual growth of about 50%, one of the highest in any sector of the Indian Economy. The Department of Telecommunications has been able to provide state of the art world-class infrastructure at globally competitive tariffs and reduce the digital divide by extending connectivity to the unconnected areas. India has emerged as a major base for the telecom industry worldwide. Thus Indian telecom sector has come a long way in achieving its dream of providing affordable and effective communication facilities to Indian citizens. As a result common man today has access to this most needed facility. The reform measures coupled with the proacti ve policies of the Department of Telecommunications have resulted in an unprecedented growth of the telecom sector. The thrust areas presently are: 1. Building a modern and efficient infrastructure ensuring greater competitive environment 2. With equal opportunities and level playing field for all stakeholders. 3. Strengthening research and development for manufacturing, value added services. 4. Efficient and transparent spectrum management 5. To accelerate broadband penetration 6. Universal service to all uncovered areas including rural areas. 7. Enabling Indian telecom companies to become global players. Recent things to watch in Indian telecom sector are: 1. 3G and BWA auctions 2. MVNO 3. Mobile Number Portability 4. New Policy for Value Added Services 5. Market dynamics once the recently licensed new telecom operators start rolling out 6. Services. 7. Increased thrust on telecom equipment manufacturing and exports. 8. Reduction in Mobile Termination Charges as the cost per line has substantially reduced 9. Due to technological advancement and increase in traffic. ÂÂ   Research Strategy and methodology. Primary research: The research design is Descriptive studies. Descriptive studies are well structured, they tend to be rigid and its approach cannot be changed every now and then. Descriptive studies are undertaken in many circumstances:When the researcher is interested in knowing the characteristics of certain groups such as age, profession. When the researcher is interested in knowing the proportion of people in given population who have behaved in a particular manner, making projection of certain things. The objective of this kind of study is to answer the why, who, what, when and how of the subject under consideration. I have taken descriptive because my research includes the knowing the behavior of customer towards advertisement. I have analyzed how people of various age groups respond to different advertising or their perception towards advertisement. Also my survey is related to companies like Vodafone, Airtel, Reliance communications, BSNL and Idea cellular. This report Is going to be an comparative research so we have to undergo and primary research such as questionnaires, college gate interaction, personal interviews etc., but mostly I am think of undertaking the help of questionnaire so that we get an accurate result and that will help us to analyse in a systematic way. The questionnaire would be having very simple to understand questions, the questions would be Open format, Dichotomous questions Close format, Leading questions, Importance questions, Liker choice, Bipolar questions, In this report we are going to totally relay upon statistical data that can only be obtained with the help of questionnaire, and more we have seen in the past that Indians are very good at answering the questionnaire and are very non bias. Moreover my target respondents would students aged 16-18 18-21 21+ because this are the people who make the most use of mobile phone either to text or call or to use GPRS. I would be utilising this primary research as the base of research as these are going to be fact figure, here we cannot temper the primary data as we can do in secondary data. And it is said that if you want an accurate result you have to undertake a primary research. Secondary research: While if we talk about the secondary data, I would be collecting it from the official website of Telecom Regulatory Authority of India which will provide me the various insight of the laws and regulation regarding the telecomm sector of India. This website will also give me the information regarding the various incomes coming from these private telecom sectors. And their contribution to the Indian economy. Even the secondary source would be the journals and the magazines issued by the Indian government. The secondary research will also be the information provided by the various retailers regarding the sale of different private telecomm companies from their store. This will help me to know the demand of various companies among the people. Major players in telecom industry The Top five companies, on the basis of Market Share as on 31st January, 2010 are: Bharti Airtel Ltd. Reliance Communications Ltd. Vodafone Essar Ltd. BSNL Idea Cellular + Spice Advertising by telecom industry on TV : 2007 Telecom sector advertising on TV grew by 61 per cent during 2007 Telecommunication Services segment had more than 60 per cent share of overall Telecom sector advertising on TV. Telecommunication Services has seen a rise of 108 per cent in TV advertising, whereas Telecommunication Equipments saw a rise of 17 per cent during 2007 over 2006. Bharti Airtel Ltd was the number one advertiser under Telecommunication Services and Nokia Corporation led Telecommunication Equipments advertising on TV during 2007. 2008 TV advertising of Telecom sector saw a rise of 99 per cent during January August 2008 compared to January August 2007. Telecommunication Services garnered a high share of Telecom sector advertising on TV during January August 2008. TV advertising of Telecommunication Equipments saw a growth of 45 per cent and that of Telecommunication Services grew by 127 per cent during January August 2008. Nokia Corporation leads in advertising of Telecommunication Equipments and Vodafone Essar Ltd was number one advertisers for Telecommunication Services on TV during January August 2008. R Madhavan had the maximum ad volumes of Celebrity Endorsement of Telecom sector on TV during January August 2008. 2009 Telecom sector has seen a decline of 16 per cent in its TV ad volumes during Jan Mar 09 compared to Jan Mar 08. High share of telecommunication services advertising on TV during Jan- Mar 09. Sony Ericsson (India) was the top advertisers under telecommunication equipments and Bharti Airtel Ltd leads in telecommunication services advertising on TV during Q1 09. Sony Ericsson W595 and Sony Ericsson F305 were top two new brands advertised under telecommunication equipments on TV during Q1 09.Virgin vGlide Phones (slider) topped the chart of new telecommunication services advertised on TV during Q1 09. Growth in ads volumes of telecom sector: There is a growth of 27% in TV ads compare to 2009 in 2010. Which is shown in figure. Share of segments of telecom sector 2010 With 68% per cent share telecommunication services leads in advertising of telecom sector on TV, followed by telecommunication equipments and corporate brand image with 11 per cent and two per cent share respectively during Q1 10 Growth in ad vol.s of segments of telecom sector Telecommunication services have seen a increased by 2% in its TV ad Volumes during Jan Mar 10 compared to Jan Mar 09. TV advertising of telecommunication equipments recorded a increase by 172 percent during Q1 10 compared to Q1 09. Top five advertisers under the telecom segments : Bharti Airtel Ltd, Idea Cellular Ltdand Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd the top three key players of telecommunication services together accounted for 65 per cent share on TV during Q1 10. During Q1 10, top three advertiser together contributed for 46per cent of overall telecommunication equipment TV advertising share viz., Nokia Corporation , samsung India electronics Ltd and LG Electronics India Ltd. Questionnaire IMPACT OF ADVERTISING IN INDIAN TELECOM INDUSTRY ON ITS CUSTOMERS. Top of Form 1. Gender: Male Female 2. Age: 15-25 26-35 36-45 46 and above 3.Education: marticulate Intermediate Graduation post graduation 4.Who is your current service provider? Airtel Vodafone Idea Reliance BSNL other 5.For how long you are using this mobile connection? Le

The Different Experience of Puerto Ricans Migration to the United States :: History Historical Puerto Rico Essays

The Different Experience of Puerto Ricans' Migration to the United States Some people are inclined to view the Puerto Rican experience as a historical repetition of earlier migrations to the United States. However, the migration experience of Puerto Ricans to the United States is more complex, as well as one of a kind. Similarities do exist between the migration of Puerto Ricans and that of other groups, however, no other ethnic group has shared the tribulations of the Puerto Rican population. Their experience is different from that of anyone else. When Puerto Ricans migrated to the United States they did it in two major waves. The first wave of emigration occurred in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The second wave occurred from the 1940s to the present. The workings of Bernando Vega and Jose Cruz deal with the different generations of Puerto Ricans that these two waves brought to the United States. While Vega discusses the early emigration of Puerto Ricans to New York City, Cruz discusses the later emigration of Puerto Ricans to Connecticut. Each author describes a different Puerto Rican experience in the United States. The experiences differed in most aspects; from the context in which each wave of emigration occurred to the type of politics that was practiced. After the Spanish American war of 1898, the United States took control of Puerto Rico. In the initial state of US ownership, the Puerto Rican population faced a major dilemma. The island belonged to but was not a part of the United States, and as a result Puerto Ricans held no citizenship. They simply lingered as citizens of nowhere. It was not until the Jones Act of 1917 that Puerto Ricans were granted statutory citizenship which was not equivalent to constitutional citizenship. Not granted full American citizenship by the United States, Puerto Ricans were, on the other hand, granted the right to be drafted into the armed forces during WWI, and also to be recruited as cheap labor for the defense industry during the time of war. Such inequality was not the only thing early Puerto Rican migrants experienced on the island. They also experienced severe economic set backs. Under the domination of the United States, Puerto Rico did not have control over their means of production. Instead, the United States possessed that power and transformed their island into a metropolitan economy. Workers were subjected to the changing demands of US capital expansion, and their migratory movements were shaped accordingly.

Edhec Family Business

Family business How to apply your MBA learning in your family business? There are a few EDHEC Global MBA participants who decided to study in this program to search for better understanding of business disciplines in order to improve their quality as managers with the main goal of returning to their countries and continue their family business. Family business can be very large, a big example is Walmart that even after 43 years and being the third largest company in the world, the Walton family still owns 48% of the stake. However, most cases of family business still relate to medium or smaller sizes.The good thing about a family business is that it has a strong sense of commitment and honor from the members. Family businesses are more likely to last because there will always be an effort on the part of the family members not to let it die or fade related to their inner values. Brazilian candidate, Andressa Lass Santos provides us with her testimony on her family business case: †Å"The EDHEC MBA program has been helping me gain a broader perspective in relation to several business facets such as leadership, accounting, management, studying the local economy and the industry and how to combine them all in a strategic manner.Every class has been helping me come up with ideas and is making me notice flaws that I had never perceived before, as well as areas where there are room for improvements in my family business. My father started a construction company and asphalt plant 25 years ago in Curitiba, Brazil. He is an engineer and agrees with me that if I gain more management skills it would be very useful for the company, since he has little time to invest in that, and in fact he is beginning to think to step out of the picture and work more as a counselor.As each single class goes by, I learn something new and try to think how to implement in our family business. My ideas arise from the hiring process, motivations of the employees until thinking globally of mac roeconomics and strategically trying to apply how we could possibly expand our business or even find new ideas related to it, such as maybe starting another business or company that could support the construction company. For that reason I will choose the Entrepreneurship track in the MBA program, I believe it is the track that I will most benefit from when thinking about my family business and how we want to expand it. †

Free Essays on Dying with Dignity

â€Å"Dying with Dignity† Understanding Euthanasia By: Derek Humphry I found that this book â€Å"Dying with Dignity† by Derek Humphry, dealt with euthanasia in a very straightforward manner. The subject is a touchy one and Humphry is not afraid to use the word "suicide". What I particularly liked was the fact that he was not trying to convert people to his point-of-view, he just presented the facts and allowed the reader to make choices for themselves. The author also discussed making choices for family members who have lost the ability to make choices for themselves. As part of the author's efforts to help readers put euthanasia in perspective, he also provided statistics so that the reader could compare their own opinions to how others feel about the various aspects of euthanasia. Euthanasia is just another word for â€Å"mercy killing† as some people put it but it also means good death. I look at it as more of a good death if it is performed with the right procedures and if a person has a legitimate reason to be put to death but many people would not agree with me that it should be legal. There are several categories of euthanasia but in general they are all somewhat alike, the kind I think it should be allowed and not looked bad upon to give the doctors that assist in the death is voluntary euthanasia. Their will always be pros and cons of euthanasia but I think that when a person makes the decision themselves and asks a doctor for help it should be legal if the person is mentally stable and has a good reason or reasons to want to end their life. Humphry believes that voluntary euthanasia will become lawful within the next few years. He said on page 164, â€Å" I believe that the right to choose to die with dignity at life’s end is the ultimate civil liberty for a person who has given the matter careful consideration and taken all possible steps to advise others. If we cannot die according to our personal wishes, then we are no... Free Essays on Dying with Dignity Free Essays on Dying with Dignity â€Å"Dying with Dignity† Understanding Euthanasia By: Derek Humphry I found that this book â€Å"Dying with Dignity† by Derek Humphry, dealt with euthanasia in a very straightforward manner. The subject is a touchy one and Humphry is not afraid to use the word "suicide". What I particularly liked was the fact that he was not trying to convert people to his point-of-view, he just presented the facts and allowed the reader to make choices for themselves. The author also discussed making choices for family members who have lost the ability to make choices for themselves. As part of the author's efforts to help readers put euthanasia in perspective, he also provided statistics so that the reader could compare their own opinions to how others feel about the various aspects of euthanasia. Euthanasia is just another word for â€Å"mercy killing† as some people put it but it also means good death. I look at it as more of a good death if it is performed with the right procedures and if a person has a legitimate reason to be put to death but many people would not agree with me that it should be legal. There are several categories of euthanasia but in general they are all somewhat alike, the kind I think it should be allowed and not looked bad upon to give the doctors that assist in the death is voluntary euthanasia. Their will always be pros and cons of euthanasia but I think that when a person makes the decision themselves and asks a doctor for help it should be legal if the person is mentally stable and has a good reason or reasons to want to end their life. Humphry believes that voluntary euthanasia will become lawful within the next few years. He said on page 164, â€Å" I believe that the right to choose to die with dignity at life’s end is the ultimate civil liberty for a person who has given the matter careful consideration and taken all possible steps to advise others. If we cannot die according to our personal wishes, then we are no...

Free Essays on Shakespeare’s Parallels

Shakespeare’s Parallels Being an accomplished playwright, William Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven brilliant plays during his lifetime. Often in his plays there are events that coincide with each other as well as characters and themes. Even in two seemingly different plays – a comedy and a tragedy – these parallels are apparent. Twelfth Night and Othello each show prime examples of reoccurring motifs. When comparing this comedy and this tragedy, specific parallels can be drawn. Setting is a significant part in Shakespeare’s plays. The mood of the play and characters change with the different locations. In Twelfth Night, Olivia’s house and the Duke’s palace are the prominent settings. In this play, the head of the household sets the tone for that environment. A feeling of sorrow and mourning can be felt, upon entering the house of Olivia: â€Å"A virtuous maid, the daughter of a noble count That died some twelvemonth since, then leaving her In the protection of his son, her brother, Who shortly also died; for whose dear love, They say, she hath abjured the sight And company of men† (1.2.36-41). Her sorrow is felt throughout the household, contributing to the drunkenness of the other characters living there, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby. The Duke, Orsino, is also in a saddened state of mind; he is heart-broken over Olivia. His palace is also in a tone of unhappiness, however, Orsino and his attendants are trying to improve the situation. VIOLA. â€Å"Say I do speak with her, my lord, what then?† DUKE. â€Å"O, then unfold the passion of my love; Surprise her with discourse of my dear faith; It shall become thee well to act on my woes. She will attend it better in thy youth Than in a nuncio’s of more grave aspect† (1.4.23-28). Not only does Twelfth Night contain contrasting settings; Othello... Free Essays on Shakespeare’s Parallels Free Essays on Shakespeare’s Parallels Shakespeare’s Parallels Being an accomplished playwright, William Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven brilliant plays during his lifetime. Often in his plays there are events that coincide with each other as well as characters and themes. Even in two seemingly different plays – a comedy and a tragedy – these parallels are apparent. Twelfth Night and Othello each show prime examples of reoccurring motifs. When comparing this comedy and this tragedy, specific parallels can be drawn. Setting is a significant part in Shakespeare’s plays. The mood of the play and characters change with the different locations. In Twelfth Night, Olivia’s house and the Duke’s palace are the prominent settings. In this play, the head of the household sets the tone for that environment. A feeling of sorrow and mourning can be felt, upon entering the house of Olivia: â€Å"A virtuous maid, the daughter of a noble count That died some twelvemonth since, then leaving her In the protection of his son, her brother, Who shortly also died; for whose dear love, They say, she hath abjured the sight And company of men† (1.2.36-41). Her sorrow is felt throughout the household, contributing to the drunkenness of the other characters living there, Sir Andrew and Sir Toby. The Duke, Orsino, is also in a saddened state of mind; he is heart-broken over Olivia. His palace is also in a tone of unhappiness, however, Orsino and his attendants are trying to improve the situation. VIOLA. â€Å"Say I do speak with her, my lord, what then?† DUKE. â€Å"O, then unfold the passion of my love; Surprise her with discourse of my dear faith; It shall become thee well to act on my woes. She will attend it better in thy youth Than in a nuncio’s of more grave aspect† (1.4.23-28). Not only does Twelfth Night contain contrasting settings; Othello...

M5 Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

M5 Reflection - Essay Example In trying to work with schools, parents face various challenges as in some cases they are not given a chance to participate wholly in the activities that affect the student regardless of the academic goals they may have for their children. Parents seek to be more involved in the classroom and the school through ensuring what their involvement in what the students learn in school by encouraging two-way communications with the learning institution (Epstein, 2007). The parents can increase the participation of the community in the activities of the school or the community through arranging flexible time for volunteers, making sure leadership roles have been filled by parents and providing information on time among other activities (Marshall & Toohey, 2010). The parents should be able to believe in and make a commitment to including all the stakeholders including the school and the community to create a collaborative learning community, which can promote academic achievement for everyone. The parents should further value and have a commitment to implementing shared visions with the school and the community so that they can promote lifelong learning for the students as well as the community in

Alternative working capital policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alternative working capital policy - Essay Example btain funding through this method is that EHC should have an average operating margin greater then 0% over the last three years along with a debt coverage ratio greater than 1.25x. the third option is to go for sourcing investment from private banks, which obviously come with a higher rate of interest (4.50%) compared to the other available options. Further, there is a difference in prepayment limitations in this case at 2% of the principal amount. The inflow from operating activities totaled nearly $50 million. However, the high operating expenses to the tune of $40 million means that EHC is left with a mere $497,000 in terms of net income. This is insufficient to fund the proposed expansion worth $75 million nor is it adequate to manage the related loan repayment increases in case the required funds are sourced from outside. The cash conversion cycle (CCC) will help determine the period up to which EHC will not be able to seek cash in case an increase in investment towards expansion is initiated in a bid to offer a wider range of services. CCC is this a measurement of the liquidity risk associated with any proposed initiative towards growth. Clearly, CCC is negative which means EHS is highly dependent on collecting cash from customers before paying suppliers and for the maintenance of equipment. Although this represents a strict policy of collections, this approach is not sustainable in the long run and the company will not be able to consider any expansion in this setup. Amongst the three options available, it is recommended to opt for low tax revenue bonds as it comes with a manageable rate of interest and moreover, such bonds come from governmental bodies, thereby having the least risk associated with them. the advantage of a revenue bond also arises from the fact that repayment is done solely from the revenues generated by the new expansion, which will facilitate easy book keeping and have the least influence on EHC’s management of existing

U01d2 Health Care Regulation Search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U01d2 Health Care Regulation Search - Essay Example House of Representatives. Since 1926, the United States Code has been published every six years. In between editions, annual cumulative supplements are published in order to present the most current information’ (GPO Access - USC, 2010). The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) on the other hand is published by the Executive departments and the agencies of the Federal Government. It has been defined as, ‘The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. It is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Each volume of the CFR is updated once each calendar year and is issued on a quarterly basis† (GPO Access, 2010). Similar to the United States Code, the Extensive Federal Regulation is also divided into 50 titles and these are updated once every calendar year and are issued once every quarter. The Federal Register has been defined as, ‘Published by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), the Federal Register is the official daily publication for rules, proposed rules, and not ices of Federal agencies and organizations, as well as executive orders and other presidential documents’ (The Federal Register (FR), 2010). These reports are structured and developed in chapters which have been titled and also been well divided and explained with a deep explanation of the regulations and the rules. These form a major part of the countries documentation and need to be reviewed and updated each time to ensure that the coding and rating are all kept up to date. The report also includes an Appendix C, which locates the list of agencies for the chapters and provides details of the agencies and all the information pertaining to them. The Federal Register is also an important document of

Criminal Investigation Project Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigation Project Essay In this generation, all human being have to work to earn for living. However it is not possible for us to be able to do any kind of work. That is why work been divided into physical work and intellectual limitation. An individual’s personality can be exposed through the job that he or she is engaged with. This enables the particular person to improve his/her level of maturation, skills and talents. The most reason that lead psychologist, sociologist, anthropologists, economists is because of the company want a result of earning obtain with giving special attention to human factor, if people are at low level in terms of work value for example lack of skills, knowledge, personality, professional, experience, motivation, everything is useless. First terms of general psychology, and where warranted by special mention is â€Å"occupational psychology†. They prefer to use term â€Å"occupational psychology† because it seems more comprehensive and it include â€Å"occupational psychology† and â€Å"organizational and management psychology†. General psychology about the human personality Generally when dealing with human personalities issue, the presentation will full with sides, component, and aspect. There is no doubt with usefulness of every piece presentation of this psychological reality. Important things they should not lose sight of the whole structure. In reality personality component interact with each other, related with each other, giving birth to structure that already specific by architecture. To actual existence of individual with the matters not the presence or absence of one of these sides, not the degree of development but its own way as it is structure. That is why psychology should focus on personality, structure that lead to a psycho-behavioural level, and lead to many effects. Personality which mediates perception and acceptance of external influence, it integrates them into levers. Its leaves mark on psychology phenomena on any reaction, even on human face. Only man has personality and as it arises and develops it produces the following effect: * Stabilize conduct * Unitary direction * Provides consensus though and fact, project and realizations * Adapts them to the present, but also on future * Exploits all opportunities and human capabilities * Makes deep involvement in dealing with people, tending to its creative transformation Personality is not present at birth. It is formed from the age of three and it is also based on environment around them, it is also not simply a psychological aspect of human life, but totality of diverse and numerous components. Therefore, one personality with full knowledge is not easy and also not good for mentality. Although comprising large number of components, personality is not simply their sum, but whole is based on human behaviour, should direct and lead them in relation to the environment. Features of personality as a whole is common to all, the organization of elements, is the level of development from person to person, personality is unique and original in each of human being that is why everyone have different personality. Personality is strongly determined and conditioned by man’s social existence. Socio cultural framework does not appear with all personality and self-organization. Personality is being influence by micro-environment, so if the micro-environment is good then the personality will be good and if not will be otherwise. All kind of personality traits are related with each other, it is very strong and its form, the fact, the structure. It develops over time and differs from one person to another person based on: * Level of development its component * Level of integration of element in whole personality * Stability of the structure of personality Personality operates like system 24 hours every day even in sleeping, its alive and dynamic. There are close relation and been organized in hierarchy, relation between them is substantial-energetic, functional, direct and reverse information. Activity is important of existence of man and his psychic, the one that lead to sedimentation and mental crystallization, emerge of relatively changes of structure. In analogy to the resolute-productive mechanisms of the transformative-constructive finalities and activities, in the structure of personality the resolute-productive subsystem is developing. Subsystem might be placed on edge of instrumental subsystem. Analogy constructed personality structure with human activity seems to be the most suitable for organizational and management psychology. Approach perspectives to personality In practical analysis and interpretation of reality, it may be a physical, human or social, the great importance is the theoretical concept of where it starts, and human personality study is more complex and dynamic. â€Å"Treaties of the psychology of personality settle to stock, to present a descriptive manner, theoretical models, sometimes associated methods and, rarely, to propose explanatory models, integrationist, combination of models, theories, schools or methods† (by Anita, 2000, pg18). * Golu .M (1993) identifies four main orientations in the study of personality: * Biologist orientation * Experimentalist orientation * Psychometric orientation * Sociocultural and anthropological orientation * Zlate M. (1997) conducted a survey of the main insights of the personality approach and systematized them into four board categories: * Atomistic perspective * Structural perspective * Systematic perspective * Psychosocial perspective FIRST PAGE Conducting Successful Interrogations By David Vessel, J. D.,FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Oct. 1998. Obtaining information that an individual does not want to provide constitutes the sole purpose of an interrogation. A successful interrogation results in a guilty or involved criminal suspects making a confession or admitting participation in an illegal activity. However, interrogators frequently do not acquire information critical to successful case resolution. Often, guilty suspects leave the interrogation environment without making the smallest admission. Many experienced officers leave an interview or interrogation knowingly outwitted by the suspects. When these situations occur, criminals go unpunished and remain free to strike again, causing the entire community to suffer. Interrogations can fail for any number of reasons. Some reasons are foreseeable; some are not. However, interrogators can increase their success rates by eliminating or minimizing identifiable causes of failure. Once investigators have identified these factors, they can consider and act upon them to increase the probability of successful interrogations. These major components include preparing for the interrogation, distinguishing between interrogations and interviews, developing persuasive themes and arguments, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject, allowing enough time for the interrogation, acquiring adequate interrogation training, and understanding that some interrogations will fail regardless of any amount of effort employed. While not all-inclusive, these factors prove vital to successful interrogations. LAST PAGE CONCLUSION Interrogations fail for any number of reasons. Addressing and eliminating the interrelated, identifiable causes can prevent most failures. Preparing adequately, understanding the interrogation process, and appreciating the subjects needs and values remain paramount in achieving successful interrogations. Additionally, sufficient training and ample experience in conducting interrogations provide specific assistance to investigators involved in the process. Establishing a well-developed plan and allowing sufficient time for the interrogation to evolve also prove important factors in ensuring successful interrogations. All of these elements need constant attention for investigators to acquire the information critical to successfully resolve their cases. Properly addressing these factors greatly contributes to increasing the number of confessions obtained from guilty or involved suspects and to reducing the number of times officers are duped by these individuals. While interrogation failures impact all aspects of the criminal justice system, the investigators conducting these inquiries remain the most critical factor in reducing these failures. With adequate training, increased awareness, and established plans officers can become successful interrogators and effectively reduce the number of unsolved crimes that plague not only the law enforcement community but also the general, law-abiding population. SUMMARY CONDUCTING SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATIONS Interviewing is one form of communication that is used extensively by the law enforcement. Whether used to screen applicants, to elicit information from a witness to a crime, or to obtain a confession, a good interview can have a significant impact on an organization. However, if conducted improperly, the interview may be rendered worthless or can result in serious negative consequences for all involved. There can be many reasons why interrogations fail, some foreseeable, some not. But by eliminating and minimizing identifiable causes of failure such as preparing for the interrogation, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject etc., investigators can have a more higher rate of success. The important factors when conducting an interrogation:- Preparing the Investigation The most important factor is developing a preparation plan. Factors to consider when preparing this plan are the setting and environment, knowledge of case facts, familiarity with subjects’ backgrounds, and methods of documenting confessions. Setting and Environmental Consideration It is important that the investigator be in control of not only the flow of the interrogation but also the environmental setting such as a small, controlled, sound-insulated room that is free from diversions. This ensures that the suspects are only allowed to concentrate on answering the relative questions. Case Facts Knowledge The investigator should have full knowledge of all the facts of the case as well as know which factors are the more important ones. When an investigator is able to state out these facts confidently and with proof, the subjects are more likely to provide the necessary vital information. Familiarity with Subjects Backgrounds Having good knowledge of a subject’s background, such as their feelings, attitude and personal values as subjects usually make confessions based on how they feel then defend themselves with logic. Documenting Confessions Officers/investigators should settle all details regarding the documentation of the interrogation that is the video or audio recordings as well as written documentation, before beginning the interrogation so as to not make the subject feel unimportant and lead to an unsuccessful interrogation. Distinguishing Between Interrogation and Interviews There should be a clear distinction between an interview and an interrogation. An interview should always be conducted first before deciding on an interrogation. Interviews are done to get all the most basic information of the suspects’ involvement of a case. Once it is confirmed that the suspect is involved only then should they proceed to an interrogation. Developing Persuasive Themes and Arguments It is important to have the proper arguments and themes in persuading the subject to tell the truth. Three points stated that will help to make the interview successful in this area are first, investigators should gain more experience as every interview conducted provides different ideas. Second is planning their themes and arguments so as to tackle the subject into answering inquiries, but in a legal way. Third would be conducting good first interviews and identifying the subjects’ key responses, allowing there to be plenty of topics to be converted into themes.